Surgical weight reduction is a growing trend in England and the United States.
During surgery to the stomach, the small intestine is stapled and shortened. Although the procedure is controversial in Germany, bariatric and metabolic surgery have been gaining popularity in Anglo-Saxon countries in recent years. The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMB) reports that over 220,000 people in the USA had operations in 2009. The National Health Service (NHS) in England has reported 6,953 surgeries by March 2008.
In England, the government is recommended to cover the costs of surgery for patients who are morbidly obese - that is, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 40 - and diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus. Since 2000, the number of operations has increased tenfold, likely due to improvements in surgical techniques which make the operation less invasive. Surgical procedures in England increased from 28% in 2000 to 75% in 2007. According to English hospital statistics, risk of death is low. Death rates are 0.3% immediately following surgery, and 1.3% in subsequent years.
However, the surgery is likely to lead to short-term complications. 8% of operated patients had to be re-hospitalized within 28 days. The United Kingdom has recently adopted a more accurate patient registry to investigate the adverse effects of bariatric surgery.
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